Autopsy
Dr. Burkley observes both the head wound and a wound to the back of the President, and determines the head wound was the cause of death..
JFK assassination · permanent subject timeline
The post-mortem examination and later medical controversy. This page combines historical context with 62 matching records drawn directly from the Kennedy Assassination History archive.
Historical context
President Kennedy's body was flown from Dallas to Washington, where a post-mortem examination was conducted at Bethesda Naval Hospital. The autopsy documented gunshot wounds and became central to official ballistic reconstruction.
Differences between observations at Parkland, autopsy documentation, photographs, X-rays and later witness recollections became a major focus of medical and forensic controversy in subsequent investigations.
Archive records
The records below are selected from the 1,932-record JFK assassination archive and are rendered as static HTML in chronological order.
Autopsy
Dr. Burkley observes both the head wound and a wound to the back of the President, and determines the head wound was the cause of death..
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
After Air Force One lands at Andrews Air Force Base, just outside Washington, D.C., Kennedys body is taken to Bethesda Naval Hospital for an immediate autopsy..
Autopsy
After Air Force One lands at Andrews Air Force Base, just outside Washington, D.C., Kennedys body is taken to Bethesda Naval Hospital for an immediate autopsy..
Autopsy
The body is removed before a forensic examination can be conducted by the Dallas County coroner, which violated Texas state law (the murder was a state crime, and occurred under Texas legal jurisdiction)..
Bethesda Autopsy Assistance
Commander J. Thornton Boswell assisted Humes and Finck during President Kennedy's autopsy at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Bethesda Autopsy Completion
The autopsy of President Kennedy was concluded at approximately 11 p.m. at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Bethesda Autopsy Hospital Selection
Jacqueline Kennedy chose the National Naval Medical Center at Bethesda for the autopsy because President Kennedy had served in the Navy.
Bethesda Autopsy Photography
Photographs of President Kennedy were taken at Bethesda as part of the preliminary autopsy documentation.
Bethesda Burial Preparation Begins
After the autopsy ended, President Kennedy's body was prepared for burial at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Bethesda Casket Arrival
President Kennedy's body arrived at Bethesda Naval Hospital for autopsy at approximately 7:35 p.m.
Bethesda Chief Autopsy Surgeon
Commander James J. Humes served as chief autopsy surgeon during the examination of President Kennedy at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Bethesda Chief of Pathology Role
Boswell was chief of pathology at Bethesda Naval Hospital when he participated in President Kennedy's autopsy.
Bethesda Cranial Fragments Recovered
Two small irregular metallic fragments were recovered from Kennedy's head during the Bethesda autopsy and transferred to the FBI.
Bethesda Cranial Metal Fragment Pattern
X-rays showed numerous tiny metal fragments extending from the rear head wound toward the front of Kennedy's skull.
Bethesda Downward Neck Trajectory
Humes and the other pathologists traced the neck missile along a slight downward path toward the front of Kennedy's throat.
Bethesda Escort from Andrews
Attorney General Robert Kennedy accompanied his brother's body from Andrews Air Force Base to Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Bethesda Family Waiting Area
Robert Kennedy joined other members of the Kennedy family on the seventeenth floor while the autopsy was conducted.
Bethesda Four Hundred Case Comparison
Finck applied experience derived from more than 400 wound cases when evaluating the perforating missile damage to Kennedy's skull.
Bethesda Fragment Above Right Eye
The Bethesda X-rays showed a sizable metallic fragment positioned above President Kennedy's right eye.
Bethesda Head Exit Assessment
Humes concluded that the large defect on the upper right side of Kennedy's skull represented a wound of exit.
Bethesda Intermuscular Bullet Track
The autopsy found that the neck bullet passed between two large muscles without leaving a permanent channel through either muscle.
Bethesda Laboratory Director Role
At the time of the autopsy, Humes was senior pathologist and director of laboratories at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Bethesda Lodged Bullet Theory Rejected
Further examination led Humes and the Bethesda team to reject the idea that a bullet had lodged in Kennedy's back and later fallen out.
Bethesda Naval Hospital Journey
Jacqueline Kennedy accompanied the President's remains to Bethesda Naval Hospital after returning from Dallas.
Bethesda Neck Entrance Assessment
Humes agreed that the small, clean-edged wound near the back of Kennedy's neck had the characteristics of an entrance wound.
Bethesda Neck Entrance Conclusion
Finck concluded that the small clean-edged wound at the back of Kennedy's neck was a long-range entrance wound.
Bethesda Neck Track Misses Bone
The Bethesda pathologists found that the bullet passing through Kennedy's neck did not strike any bone.
Bethesda Neck Wound Measurements
The posterior neck wound measured approximately seven by four millimeters and had clean, sharply defined edges.
Bethesda Pathological Cause of Death
The Bethesda autopsy report listed the pathological cause of President Kennedy's death as a gunshot wound to the head.
Bethesda Pathological Examination Begins
The pathological examination of President Kennedy began at Bethesda at about 8 p.m. on November 22.
Bethesda Physical Measurements
The autopsy report recorded Kennedy as 46 years old, 72.5 inches tall, approximately 170 pounds, with blue eyes and reddish-brown hair.
Bethesda Pleural Contusion
The neck bullet produced a contusion on the upper part of Kennedy's pleural cavity without penetrating that cavity.
Bethesda Posterior Neck Entrance Agreement
Boswell agreed with the other pathologists that the small posterior neck wound was a missile entrance wound.
Bethesda Posterior Neck Wound
The autopsy revealed another bullet wound near the base of Kennedy's neck, slightly to the right of his spine.
Bethesda Posterior Skull Entrance
The autopsy identified a small wound in the rear of Kennedy's skull as a bullet entrance wound.
Bethesda Posterior Skull Entry Conclusion
Boswell agreed that the bullet penetrated the rear of Kennedy's head before passing through the skull.
Bethesda Preliminary X-Rays
Preliminary X-rays of President Kennedy were taken at Bethesda before the pathological examination began.
Bethesda Rear and Above Trajectory
Finck concluded from the cranial wound characteristics that Kennedy had been struck by a bullet fired from above and behind.
Bethesda Right Lung Apex Bruising
The Bethesda examination found bruising at the top portion of President Kennedy's right lung along the neck bullet's path.
Bethesda Right Skull Exit Defect
The pathologists identified the large defect on the upper right side of Kennedy's skull as the head bullet's exit area.
Bethesda Right-Side Skull Exit Conclusion
Boswell joined Humes in concluding that the head missile exited through the large defect on the right side of the skull.
Bethesda Secret Service Protection
Secret Service agents guarded Jacqueline Kennedy in quarters assigned to her at Bethesda while the autopsy proceeded.
Bethesda Seventeenth Floor Vigil
Jacqueline Kennedy waited with members of the Kennedy family on the hospital's seventeenth floor while the autopsy was performed.
Bethesda Skull Beveling Analysis
Finck examined the skull's beveling pattern to distinguish the bullet's entrance from its exit.
Bethesda Skull Beveling Assessment
Humes used the beveling of the skull wound to support the conclusion that the smaller posterior defect was an entrance wound.
Bethesda Skull Fragment Reconstruction
Recovered skull fragments were fitted together during the Bethesda examination, accounting for much of the missing portion of Kennedy's skull.
Bethesda Soft Tissue Track Finding
Humes determined that the neck missile passed mainly through soft tissue rather than through bone as it crossed Kennedy's neck.
Bethesda Tracheal Injury
The examining pathologists concluded that the neck bullet damaged Kennedy's trachea as it passed through his neck.
Bethesda Tracheotomy Obscures Exit
The front neck wound could not be directly examined because the Parkland tracheotomy incision had removed visible evidence of that wound.
Bethesda Wound Ballistics Consultation
Lieutenant Colonel Pierre A. Finck participated in the Bethesda autopsy as the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology's wound-ballistics specialist.
Bethesda Burial Preparation Completed
Preparation of President Kennedy's body for burial was completed at approximately 4 a.m. on November 23.
Bethesda Departure for White House
After the burial preparation was completed, President Kennedy's body left Bethesda for the White House East Room.
Bethesda Malcolm Perry Telephone Call
Early on November 23, Humes telephoned Dr. Malcolm Perry and learned that Perry had used the existing throat wound for the tracheotomy incision.
Bethesda Parkland Tracheotomy Inquiry
Humes sought confirmation from Parkland Hospital that a tracheotomy had been performed through the wound on the front of Kennedy's neck.
Bethesda Throat Exit Confirmation
Perry's information confirmed Humes's conclusion that the neck bullet had exited through the front of Kennedy's throat.
Return to White House
After the overnight medical examination at Bethesda, Mrs. Kennedy returned to the White House as preparations for the state funeral continued.
Autopsy Evidence Review
Warren's commission reviewed the autopsy findings, Parkland Hospital evidence, medical testimony, and related material concerning President Kennedy's wounds.
Autopsy Evidence
J Thornton Boswell provides medical testimony concerning the autopsy findings used by the Warren Commission.
Autopsy Evidence
Pierre A Finck testifies about his participation in the autopsy of President Kennedy at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Autopsy Evidence
Gives medical evidence concerning President Kennedy's autopsy and the wounds considered by the Commission.
Medical Evidence Review
HSCA Panel reviews autopsy, photographic and radiological evidence from the Kennedy case.
Autopsy
Randy Robertson claims to have found, in the x-rays of Kennedys skull, evidence of 2 bullet hits to Kennedys head.
Editorial provenance
Compiled and edited by Kennedy Assassination History.
Historical context is editorial material; the chronology is generated from the site's structured JFK assassination records.
Last reviewed: September 2026.
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