Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Norma Jean Lollis Hill was present along with her friend Mary Moorman across from the grassy knoll, and was one of the very closest witnesses to President Kennedy when the shots were fired at him.
JFK assassination · permanent subject timeline
Witness impressions, photographic claims and later acoustic controversy. This page combines historical context with 58 matching records drawn directly from the Kennedy Assassination History archive.
Historical context
The grassy knoll is the raised landscaped area north of Elm Street in Dealey Plaza. Some witnesses believed shots or suspicious activity came from that direction, making it a major focus of alternative assassination theories.
The knoll became historically significant because eyewitness impressions, photographic interpretations and later acoustic analysis were used to challenge the conclusion that all shots came from the Depository.
Archive records
The records below are selected from the 1,932-record JFK assassination archive and are rendered as static HTML in chronological order.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Norma Jean Lollis Hill was present along with her friend Mary Moorman across from the grassy knoll, and was one of the very closest witnesses to President Kennedy when the shots were fired at him.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
The "Lady in Red" in Zapruders film, claims smoke was lingering near the grassy knoll picket fence corner.
Badge Man
The Warren Commission later concludes that Lee Harvey Oswald is the lone assassin..
Badge Man
Badge Man is the name given to a photographic image that some President John F. Kennedy assassination researchers claim is a grassy knoll assassin seen within a Polaroid photograph that close witness Mary Moorman captured..
Badge Man
In the Moorman Polaroid photo is seen all of the Presidential limousine occupants, several other witnesses (including Abraham Zapruder filming), two Dallas police motorcycle Presidential escorts, and much of the area comprising the grassy knoll.
Badge Man
The photo has been calculated to have been captured between the Zapruder film equivalent concurrent frames of Z-315 and 316 (less than one-sixth of a second after President Kennedys head first exploded at Z-313).
Grassy Knoll
The "Lady in Red" in Zapruders film, claims smoke was lingering near the grassy knoll picket fence corner. Present along with her friend Mary Moorman across from the grassy knoll, and was one of the very closest witnesses to President Kennedy when the shots were fired at him
Grassy Knoll
Badge Man is the name given to a photographic image that some President John F. Kennedy assassination researchers claim is a grassy knoll assassin seen within a Polaroid photograph that close witness Mary Moorman captured...
Grassy Knoll
In the Moorman Polaroid photo is seen all of the Presidential limousine occupants, several other witnesses (including Abraham Zapruder filming), two Dallas police motorcycle Presidential escorts, and much of the area comprising the grassy knoll.
Grassy Knoll
Photographs the Grassy Knoll with a polaroid which is used to identify the "badge man"
Grassy Knoll
Marilyn Sitzman stands on the same pedestal as Abraham Zapruder (steadying him), only yards from the alleged Grassy Knoll assassin.
Lady In Red
The "Lady in Red" in Zapruders film, claims smoke was lingering near the grassy knoll picket fence corner
Grassy Knoll
Lee Bowers, a railroad switchman sitting in two-story tower has an unobstructed view of the rear of the stockade fence atop the grassy knoll during the shooting.
Grassy Knoll
At the moment of the assassination, Bowers was operating the Union Terminal Companys two-story interlocking tower, overlooking the parking lot just north of the grassy knoll and west of the Texas School Book Depository.
Grassy Knoll
Lee Edward Bowers, Jr Lee Bowers had an unobstructed view of the rear of the concrete pergola and the stockade fence above the grassy knoll..
Grassy Knoll
Ochus Campbell, the vicepresident of the Texas School Book Depository Company, was standing with Roy Truly on the north side of Elm Street, about 30 feet from the front entrance to the Texas School Book Depository.
Texas School Book Depository
Lee Bowers was working in the Union Terminal tower during the assassination, with an unobstructed view toward the parking area, concrete pergola and stockade fence behind the grassy knoll.
Texas School Book Depository
Ochus Campbell, the vicepresident of the Texas School Book Depository Company, was standing with Roy Truly on the north side of Elm Street, about 30 feet from the front entrance to the Texas School Book Depository.
Triple Underpass
At the moment of the assassination Bowers was operating the Union Terminal Companys two-story interlocking tower overlooking the parking lot just north of the grassy knoll and west of the Texas School Book Depository..
Triple Underpass
Lee Bowers had an unobstructed view of the rear of the concrete pergola and the stockade fence above the grassy knoll.
Grassy Knoll
The witness testified to the Warren Commission that one or more shots came from the grassy knoll.
Grassy Knoll
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, standing on the Depository steps, said the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll.
Grassy Knoll
Norma Jean Lollis Hill testified that she saw a man running from near the Depository toward the picket-fence area and then joined others moving toward the grassy knoll.
Grassy Knoll
Emmett Hudson, the only man identified out of the three standing on the steps leading up to the fence on the grassy knoll, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the Texas School Book Depository..
Grassy Knoll
The witness testified to the Warren Commission that one or more shots came from the grassy knoll.
Grassy Knoll
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, standing on the Depository steps, said the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll.
Grassy Knoll
Thought that the shots had come from the grassy knoll, despite already having seen a man in the southwest window of the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository, holding a gun..
Grassy Knoll
The witness testified to the Warren Commission that one or more shots came from the grassy knoll.
Grassy Knoll
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, standing on the Depository steps, said the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll.
Grassy Knoll
The witness testified to the Warren Commission that one or more shots came from the grassy knoll.
Texas School Book Depository
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, standing on the Depository steps, said the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll.
Texas School Book Depository
Norma Jean Lollis Hill testified that she saw a man running from near the Depository toward the picket-fence area and then joined others moving toward the grassy knoll.
Texas School Book Depository
Emmett Hudson, the only man identified out of the three standing on the steps leading up to the fence on the grassy knoll, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the Texas School Book Depository..
Texas School Book Depository
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, standing on the Depository steps, said the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll.
Texas School Book Depository
Thought that the shots had come from the grassy knoll, despite already having seen a man in the southwest window of the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository, holding a gun..
Texas School Book Depository
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, standing on the Depository steps, said the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll.
Warren Commission
Norma Jean Lollis Hill testified that she saw a man running from near the Depository toward the picket-fence area and then joined others moving toward the grassy knoll.
Testimony
news services. The witness testified to the Warren Commission that one or more shots came from the grassy knoll.
Testimony
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, three men who were standing on the front steps of the Texas School Book Depository, directly underneath the supposed sniper's nest, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll
Testimony
Emmett Hudson, the only man identified out of the three standing on the steps leading up to the fence on the grassy knoll, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the Texas School Book Depository..
Testimony
The witness testified to the Warren Commission that one or more shots came from the grassy knoll.. Paul Landis was a Secret Service agent in the car immediately behind President Kennedy's car. My reaction at this time was that the [fatal] shot came from somewhere towards the front
Testimony
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, three men who were standing on the front steps of the Texas School Book Depository, directly underneath the supposed sniper's nest, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll
Testimony
Thought that the shots had come from the grassy knoll, despite already having seen a man in the southwest window of the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository, holding a gun..
Testimony
The witness testified to the Warren Commission that one or more shots came from the grassy knoll.
Testimony
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, three men who were standing on the front steps of the Texas School Book Depository, directly underneath the supposed sniper's nest, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll
Dictabelt Evidence
HSCA Panel examines acoustical evidence later used in the probable conspiracy finding.
Badge Man
To the tight of the "Badge Man" some researchers claim there is also a second person, self-proclaimed witness Gordon Arnold, who claimed in 1978 that he was filming the motorcade and heard a shot fired from his left
Motorcade Route
To the tight of the "Badge Man" some researchers claim there is also a second person, self-proclaimed witness Gordon Arnold, who claimed in 1978 that he was filming the motorcade and heard a shot fired from his left
Second Gunman Finding
House Select Committee cites acoustical evidence suggesting a high probability of two gunmen.
Dictabelt Recording
Louis Stokes concludes 4 shots were fired, the fourth shot came from a second assassin located on the grassy knoll, but missed.
House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA)
Louis Stokes concludes 4 shots were fired, the fourth shot came from a second assassin located on the grassy knoll, but missed.
House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA)
Louis Stokes concludes acoustical evidence establishes a high probability that at least two gunmen fired at the President. Other scientific evidence does not preclude the possibility of two gunmen firing at the President.
House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA)
Scientific acoustical evidence establishes a high probability that two gunmen fired at President John F. Kennedy. Concludes that Lee Harvey Oswald fired three shots at President John F.
Badge Man
Labels this image Badge Man because the image shows what may appear to be a uniformed police officer wearing dark clothing and his police patrolmans metal badge. Gary Mack, the longtime curator and archivist for The 6th Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza (the former Texas School Book Depository) first claimed to discover the "Badge Man" image
Texas School Book Depository
Gary Mack, the longtime curator and archivist for The 6th Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza (the former Texas School Book Depository) first claimed to discover the "Badge Man" image
Badge Man
Enhances the immediate photograph area of the "Badge Man" in contrast and brightness, then he enhanced further with what White has described as "clear photographic colored oils" to illustrate the "Badge Man"
Dictabelt Criticism
Dale Myers challenges the Dictabelt evidence used in the HSCA acoustics conclusion.
Not in Your Lifetime: The Defining Book on the JFK Assassination
Summers 1980 book Conspiracy was updated as "Not in Your Lifetime: The Defining Book on the JFK Assassination". He implicates Cuban exile Herminio Diaz, an employee of Santo Trafficante, as a grassy knoll shooter in the assassination of John F. Kennedy
Editorial provenance
Compiled and edited by Kennedy Assassination History.
Historical context is editorial material; the chronology is generated from the site's structured JFK assassination records.
Last reviewed: September 2026.
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